The Magnitude of Local Host Specificity for Phytophagous Insects and its Implications for Estimates of Global Species Richness
نویسنده
چکیده
Estimates of the global number of arthropod species range from 2 million to more than 30 million species. One of the most critical assumptions affecting the higher of these estimates is the assumed magnitude of host specificity of phytophagous insects, which varies considerably. Difficulties in estimating this value are caused by both lack of satisfactory data sets and lack of methods for its objective calculation. We provide a new method for predicting host specificity for phytophagous insects at a local scale based on the concept of effective specialization. When the insect-plant host associations of a restricted number of plant species are known, we can predict the magnitude of host specificity when more plant species are included. Based on 2561 host observations of 697 beetle species on 50 plant species in the canopies of a tropical dry forest in Panama, we predict that host specificity for adult phytophagous beetles in this forest range from 7% to 10%. These values suggest that the higher estimates of global species richness are not tenable. Magnitud de la Especificidad de la Relación Insecto Fitófago-Planta Hospedero y sus Implicaciones para la Estimación de la Riqueza Específica Global Resumen: Las estimaciones del número global de artrópodos varían entre 2 y más de 30 millones de especies. Uno de los supuestos críticos que afectan las estimaciones más altas es la presunta alta especificidad en la interacción insecto fitófago-planta hospedero. Estas estimaciones son sumamente variables debido a las dificultades para estimar correctamente el grado de especificidad, tanto por la escasez de datos empíricos satisfactorios, como por la falta de una metodología que permita una estimación objetiva de la interacción. En el presente trabajo proponemos un método nuevo para predecir la especificidad de la interacción fitófagoplanta hospedero a una escala local, basado en el concepto de la “especialización efectiva.” Cuando se conocen las asociaciones insecto-planta hospedero para un número restringido de plantas, se puede predecir el grado de especificidad de la interacción para un número mayor de especies vegetales. En base a 2561 observaciones de 697 especies de coleopteros en 50 especies vegetales del dosel de un bosque tropical seco de Panamá, predecimos que la especificidad de los coleópteros fitófagos adultos con sus plantas hospedero es de un 7-10%. Estos valores no corroboran los valores más altos de las estimaciones actuales de la riqueza específica a nivel global. ‡ email [email protected] Paper submitted August 23, 1999; revised manuscript accepted January 12, 2000.
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